World History Final Exam Review 2009

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	____ was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe.
a.	Martin Luther	c.	Ptolemy	
b.	Nicholas Copernicus	d.	Johannes Kepler	

____	2.	Under the leadership of ____, the Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to violent revolution.
a.	V. I. Lenin	c.	Alexander Kerensky	
b.	Alexandra Romanov	d.	Grigori Rasputin	

____	3.	What was the name of the set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century?
a.	speculation	c.	mercantilism	
b.	consumerism	d.	commercial capitalism	

____	4.	What was the name for the journey of slaves from Africa to America?
a.	the Middle Passage	c.	the Voyage of Sorrow	
b.	the Bering Crossing	d.	the Africa-America Run	

____	5.	As a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763,
a.	Great Britain gained control of India and North America, making it the world’s greatest colonial power.	
b.	Austria regained control of Silesia from Prussia.	
c.	Maria Theresa of Austria was able to effect a diplomatic revolution and win France as an ally.	
d.	France gained control of Great Britain’s holdings in India in exchange for French territories in North America.	

____	6.	Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation
a.	refuted Galileo Galilei’s theory of universal movement.	
b.	was laughed at by Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus.	
c.	was denounced by the Anglican Church as the work of the Devil.	
d.	showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe.	

Charles the Man	Charles the Administrator	Charles the Conqueror	Charles the Patron of Learning	
Was athletic, well-spoken, and charismatic	Delegated authority to loyal nobles	Was an aggressive warrior	Revived classical studies	
Married four times	Retained local laws of conquered areas	Strengthened the Frankish military	Preserved Latin culture	
Spoke Latin, understood Greek, but possibly could not write	Divided kingdom into districts	Expanded and consolidated the Frankish kingdom	Established monastic and palace schools	
Left empire to his sole surviving son	Used missi dominici (“messengers of the lord king”) to inspect and report on provinces			

____	7.	 Based on this information, you can best describe the Carolingian Empire that Charlemagne created as ____.
a.	expanding and well administered	
b.	weak and fractured	
c.	focused on a central city where learning and culture flourished	
d.	shrinking from poor administration	

____	8.	 Which of the following techniques did Charlemagne not use to control his large kingdom?
a.	He placed military commanders over each conquered land.	
b.	He divided the kingdom into districts.	
c.	He delegated authority to loyal nobles.	
d.	He send messengers to report on provinces.	

____	9.	Which leader of the Persian Empire extended it to become the largest empire the world had yet seen?
a.	Darius	c.	Nebuchadnezzar	
b.	Marc Antony	d.	Moses	

____	10.	Julius Caesar, the first dictator of Rome, was
a.	the founder of Rome.	c.	the ruler of Ethiopia.	
b.	assassinated.	d.	born in India.	

____	11.	 Which three number systems on the chart most closely resemble one another?
a.	Greek, Roman, Mayan	c.	Ancient Chinese, Mayan, Hindu	
b.	Hindu, Arabic, Modern Arabic	d.	Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek	

____	12.	 Which numbering system most closely resembled the Egyptian system?
a.	Greek	c.	Ancient Chinese	
b.	Babylonian	d.	Roman	

____	13.	The factory created a new labor system in which
a.	products were produced by an assembly line of workers and animals.	
b.	workers had to work regular hours and do the same work over and over.	
c.	workers had to adjust to periods of hectic work, followed by periods of inactivity.	
d.	machines were valued more highly than the men who ran them.	

____	14.	To Voltaire and many other philosophes, the universe was
a.	like a clock.	c.	constructed like a flower.	
b.	a divine creation.	d.	unknowable at all.	

____	15.	The Mayan civilization was
a.	a peaceful state that produced some remarkable technological advances.	
b.	destroyed by floods, leaving scant evidence of its existence.	
c.	composed of city-states, each governed by a hereditary ruling class.	
d.	the earliest form of utopianism known to exist.	

____	16.	Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that
a.	those who are able to work should help to support those who cannot work.	
b.	the state should monitor the economy and impose regulations to keep it healthy.	
c.	the state should not regulate the economy.	
d.	the assets of the rich should be taken.	

____	17.	By attacking Austria in May 1915, Italy
a.	helped to knock Russia out of the war.	
b.	won the war.	
c.	betrayed Germany and Austria.	
d.	became a world power.	

____	18.	In 1914, ____ was considered an act of war.
a.	ending diplomatic relations	c.	assassination of a member of royalty	
b.	mobilization of a nation’s army	d.	breaking a military alliance	

____	19.	____ was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold.
a.	The fief	c.	Vassalage	
b.	Chivalry	d.	The Book of the Dead	

____	20.	The most important gift a lord could give to a vassal was
a.	a boat.	c.	a piece of land.	
b.	his daughter in marriage.	d.	a gold ring.	

____	21.	Who discovered the bones of the earliest known human at Olduvai Gorge?
a.	Cecil B. DeMille	c.	Henry Jones, Jr.	
b.	Donald Johanson	d.	Louis B. and Mary Leakey	

____	22.	____ went to his grave believing he had discovered a westward passage to Asia, when in fact he had actually discovered the Americas.
a.	Alfonso de Albuquerque	c.	Christopher Columbus	
b.	Amerigo Vespucci	d.	John Cabot	

____	23.	What is the importance of the Phoenician alphabet?
a.	had capital letters	c.	could be read backwards	
b.	first alphabet to use words	d.	basis for English alphabet	

____	24.	John Locke’s ideas suggest that people were
a.	born either good or evil.	c.	molded by their experiences.	
b.	naturally inclined to be stupid.	d.	inherently self-centered.	

____	25.	The Neolithic Revolution can best be described as
a.	the result of the youth taking control of the tribes.	
b.	a political conflict between the Neolithic and Paleolithic peoples.	
c.	the growing of crops and the taming of food-producing animals by early humans.	
d.	the use of fire by early humans to change their environment.	

____	26.	The Black Death killed nearly 38 million people, resulting in
a.	the collapse of the Catholic Church.	c.	the collapse of the caste system.	
b.	a severe famine.	d.	severe economic consequences.	

____	27.	The Inquisition was
a.	remarkably effective in its hunt for heretics because no one expected it.	
b.	the court created by the Catholic Church to find and try heretics.	
c.	a ruthless group of nuns who enjoyed torture and execution.	
d.	an organization whose hidden purpose was to increase the political power of the Catholic Church.	

____	28.	Montesquieu’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his
a.	identification of the natural laws that governed human society.	
b.	idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective.	
c.	theory that the government should interfere with religious matters.	
d.	analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances.	

____	29.	The government of Athens after Cleisthenes became
a.	a tyranny of men with new wealth.	c.	the foundation for Athenian democracy.	
b.	chaotic and disorganized.	d.	an early advocate of communism.	

____	30.	The Treaty of Paris in 1783 granted the Americans control of
a.	little beyond the land that made up the thirteen original colonies.	
b.	the entire continent of North America.	
c.	the eastern seaboard from Canada to Florida.	
d.	the western territory from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River.	

____	31.	The term “Homo erectus” means what?
a.	“upright human being”	c.	“tall humans”	
b.	“old stone”	d.	“wise, wise human being”	

____	32.	India’s ____ was created by the Aryans.
a.	music	c.	educational system	
b.	caste system	d.	sewer system	

____	33.	What caused the United States to join the Allies in fighting World War I?
a.	the Germans’ use of unrestricted submarine warfare	
b.	the German embargo on gasoline	
c.	the United States’s fear of the Austro-Hungarian powers	
d.	the sinking of the Titanic	

____	34.	Gregory I, also known as Gregory the Great,
a.	invaded kingdoms to the north, creating an empire nearly as large as the Roman Empire.	
b.	strengthened the power of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church.	
c.	was crowned by Pope Leo as emperor of Paris.	
d.	converted Clovis to Islam.	

____	35.	The Western Front was characterized by
a.	innovative strategy and tactics that fully utilized the new technologies available to both armies.	
b.	the slow but steady advance of the German army.	
c.	trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years.	
d.	decisive victories by the French army, quickly driving back the German forces.	

____	36.	The Constitutional Convention began as
a.	a meeting to draft a declaration of independence from British rule.	
b.	the result of a vote by the new Congress to adopt amendments that guaranteed certain freedoms.	
c.	a meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation.	
d.	a plan to divide up the lands of the thirteen colonies into states.	

____	37.	In 1066, William of Normandy
a.	called for the death of Thomas à Becket.	
b.	invaded England, soundly defeating King Harold’s forces at the Battle of Hastings.	
c.	was forced to sign the Magna Carta.	
d.	tried to invade England, but was soundly defeated by King Harold’s forces.	

____	38.	The Treaty of Versailles was
a.	the treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace.	
b.	a peace settlement that consisted of five separate treaties with the defeated nations.	
c.	forced upon Austria, and gave some of its land to the new state of Poland.	
d.	a defensive alliance between Great Britain, France, and the United States.	

____	39.	Hammurabi is remembered for
a.	inventing the first wooden bicycle.	c.	creating a post office.	
b.	overthrowing the Akkadian Empire.	d.	his law code, a collection of 282 laws.	

____	40.	Who were the first humans to learn to deliberately make fires?
a.	Homo erectus	c.	cave people	
b.	the Neolithic peoples	d.	Canadians	

____	41.	At the heart of feudalism was
a.	serfdom, which meant that all non-vassals labored to support the serfs.	
b.	the grant of serfs made to loyal vassals, which was known as a fief.	
c.	the knight, who was the enforcer of the lord and a protector of the lord’s lands.	
d.	vassalage, which meant warriors swore loyalty to a lord, who in turn took care of their needs.	

____	42.	The ____ was a period of peace and prosperity that lasted almost a hundred years.
a.	Rubicon	c.	Long Winter	
b.	latifundia	d.	Pax Romana	

Government of Greek City-States	
	Advantage	Disadvantage	
Tyranny	ended the rule of aristocrats	went against the rule of law	
Democracy	places power in the hands of the most people	can be difficult to reach a consensus	
Oligarchy	relatively efficient	power in the hands of a few people	

____	43.	 According to the chart, which form of government is controlled by only a few people?
a.	democracy	c.	tyranny	
b.	oligarchy	d.	Both A and B	

____	44.	The Assyrians were especially known for
a.	being wide-ranging pastoral nomads.	
b.	being kind to animals.	
c.	committing atrocities on their captives.	
d.	establishing a monotheistic religion.	

____	45.	The Aztec practiced human sacrifice in order to
a.	pay their debts to their enemies.	
b.	delay the final destruction of the world.	
c.	keep the commoners and slaves in fear of the monarch and his officials.	
d.	decrease the surplus population.	

____	46.	____ became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation.
a.	Rosa Luxemburg	c.	Karl Liebknecht	
b.	Georges Clemenceau	d.	Woodrow Wilson	

____	47.	____ were councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.
a.	Dumas	c.	Bolsheviks	
b.	Vanguards	d.	Soviets	

____	48.	The six characteristics of civilizations are cities, governments, ____, social structure, writing, and art.
a.	calligraphy	c.	pets	
b.	religion	d.	use of fire	

____	49.	Anthropology is the study of
a.	ancient texts.	c.	past societies.	
b.	human life and culture.	d.	the light given off by electrons.	

____	50.	What was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand?
a.	the Black Hand	c.	the Bosnian Militia	
b.	the Serbian People’s Front	d.	the Red Band	

____	51.	The American nation’s first constitution was called the
a.	Bill of Rights.	
b.	Constitution of the United States of America.	
c.	Articles of Confederation.	
d.	Rights of Man.	

____	52.	The history of Egypt begins around 3100 B.C., when
a.	a volcano at Giza erupted.	
b.	the Nile River flooded.	
c.	Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt.	
d.	the first pyramid collapsed.	

____	53.	The invention of cuneiform is credited to
a.	the Phoenicians.	c.	Odysseus.	
b.	the Sumerians.	d.	the Spanish.	

____	54.	The Zhou dynasty claimed it ruled China because
a.	Zhou ancestors had chosen it.	c.	the Mongols feared it.	
b.	it had the Mandate of Heaven.	d.	it had an army of artists.	

____	55.	To Portuguese explorers, the southern coast of West Africa became known as the
a.	Burning Land.	c.	Gold Coast.	
b.	Cape of Good Hope.	d.	land of salt.	

____	56.	All human beings today belong to the ____ subspecies of human being.
a.	Homo sapiens sapiens	c.	ordinary	
b.	Neanderthal	d.	australopithecines	

____	57.	Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery?
a.	James Hargreaves	c.	Edmund Wilson	
b.	James Watt	d.	Henry Cort	

Major Greek Contributions	
Olympic Games	
Development of drama	
Philosophy	
Writing of history	
Classical ideals in art and architecture	

____	58.	 According to the chart, which was not a major contribution of the Greeks?
a.	philosophy	c.	drama	
b.	Christianity	d.	classical architecture	

____	59.	In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract,
a.	punishments are not exercises in brutality, and capital punishment is discarded.	
b.	women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men.	
c.	the government should not interfere in economic matters.	
d.	an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will.	

____	60.	____ is the period before writing was developed
a.	The Neolithic Age	c.	Prehistory	
b.	Ancient times	d.	Archaeology	

____	61.	Thermoluminescence dating determines an object’s age by
a.	looking at a calendar.	c.	measuring electrons in soil.	
b.	analyzing leather.	d.	detecting levels of C-14.	

____	62.	According to mercantilists, the prosperity of a nation depended on
a.	a healthy flow of coffee coming into the nation.	
b.	conquering new territories and expanding the nation’s intellectual resources.	
c.	finding and maintaining a supply of cheap labor, preferably slaves.	
d.	a large supply of bullion, or gold and silver.	

____	63.	 Which is not a similarity between Egypt and Mesopotamia?
a.	developed polytheistic religion	c.	had farming and trade economy	
b.	located along river(s)	d.	used hieroglyphics as written language	

____	64.	Leonardo da Vinci was an excellent example of Renaissance Italy’s social ideal because he
a.	wrote grand romantic poetry and insightful political treatises.	
b.	was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician.	
c.	came from a wealthy family and greatly improved his family’s status in society.	
d.	was a politician, and politicians were considered the pinnacle of human achievement.	

____	65.	The production of ____ was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution.
a.	cotton cloth	c.	furniture	
b.	automobiles	d.	toys	

____	66.	The Paleolithic Age is
a.	not proven to have existed.	
b.	the period in which humans used simple stone tools.	
c.	usually known as the Primitive Age.	
d.	also called the New Stone Age.	

____	67.	Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey were
a.	immense paintings.	c.	two immense ships.	
b.	epic poems.	d.	statues of the gods.	

____	68.	 Which religions had about the same distributions in the British Isles in 1560?
a.	Calvinist and Roman Catholic	c.	Lutheran and Anglican	
b.	Roman Catholic and Anglican	d.	Anglican and Calvinist	

____	69.	By 750 B.C., the ____, or city-state, became the central focus of Greek life.
a.	agora	c.	polis	
b.	hoplite	d.	pantheon	

____	70.	World War I was a ____, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people.
a.	total war	c.	mobile conflict	
b.	modern conflict	d.	trench war	

____	71.	A ____ is a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.
a.	polis	c.	republic	
b.	dictatorship	d.	Circus Maximus	

____	72.	The body of laws known as the ____ was one of Rome’s chief gifts to later generations.
a.	Constitution of the Roman Republic	c.	Ten Commandments	
b.	Law of Nations	d.	Twelve Tables	

____	73.	What was the first Greek state?
a.	Ionia	c.	Tarsus	
b.	Mycenae	d.	Crete	

____	74.	The Magna Carta was a document that
a.	established the first English Parliament and defined its powers to grant taxes and pass laws.	
b.	eventually was used to strengthen the idea that a monarch’s power was limited, not absolute.	
c.	conceded power over the courts to the Roman Catholic Church.	
d.	established peace between the Normans and the French.	

____	75.	What happened at Thermopylae?
a.	A Greek force of 7,000 held off the Persian army of 180,000 for two days.	
b.	An outnumbered Athenian army attacked and defeated the Egyptians decisively.	
c.	An outnumbered Greek fleet defeated the Persian fleet.	
d.	The Athenians built a fleet of about two hundred ships.	

____	76.	An important concept that became a crucial part of Chinese history was
a.	the Confucian belief that the government should be open to all men of superior talent.	
b.	the Shaolin view that one must be able to do combat mentally as well as physically.	
c.	the view that art, poetry, and literature were important to soldiers.	
d.	the belief that the Great Wall would protect China from all enemies.	

____	77.	Galileo’s observations seemed to indicate that
a.	the Catholic Church’s beliefs about the heavens were correct.	
b.	the heavenly bodies were composed of material substance just like Earth, not pure orbs of light.	
c.	Plato was correct about the way the planets were arranged.	
d.	Copernicus and Kepler were wrong in their beliefs about the moon goddess.	

____	78.	The Silk Road was a
a.	trade route between the Roman Empire and China that ran through India’s Kushan Kingdom.	
b.	great wall three thousand miles long.	
c.	road covered in silk that only the king could travel upon.	
d.	the road that wound through Japan, the first area of the world to produce silk.	

____	79.	Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire became known as
a.	the Eastern Powers.	c.	the League of Nations.	
b.	the Central Powers.	d.	the Allied Powers.	

____	80.	The ____ was a set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal.
a.	fief	c.	feudal contract	
b.	Book of the Dead	d.	vassalage	

____	81.	The government of Sparta was an oligarchy, which means that it was
a.	ruled by a king.	c.	ruled by the few.	
b.	controlled by a popular vote.	d.	ruled by a tyrant.	

____	82.	Machu Picchu was
a.	a city built by the Inca, and serves as the finest example of Incan architecture.	
b.	the official language of the Incan Empire, which was taught to everyone they conquered.	
c.	the Incan ruler who transformed the simple village of Cuzco into the mighty Incan Empire.	
d.	the moon god from whom it was believed all Incan rulers were descended.	

____	83.	Who has been rightly called the father of modern rationalism?
a.	Robert Boyle	c.	Francis Bacon	
b.	René Descartes	d.	Chaucer	

____	84.	The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494,
a.	made Portuguese the official language of the Americas.	
b.	established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those controlled by Spain.	
c.	ended the violence between Portuguese and Muslim traders.	
d.	put an end to the war between Portugal and Turkey.	

____	85.	____, the aggressive preparation for war, was growing along with nations’ armies.
a.	Conscription	c.	Warmongering	
b.	Militarism	d.	Mobilization	

____	86.	Francis Bacon, an English philosopher, believed scientists should
a.	rely solely on the Bible.	c.	use chance to study nature.	
b.	use inductive reasoning.	d.	leave nature alone.	

____	87.	The first empire in world history was the ____ Empire.
a.	Eskimo	c.	Sumerian	
b.	British	d.	Akkadian	

____	88.	
Inventor	Invention	
Henry Cort	process of puddling	
Edmund Cartwright	water-powered loom	
Robert Fulton	paddle-wheel steamboat	
James Hargreaves	spinning jenny	
James Watt	steam engine used to drive machinery	

 What consumer good(s) do you think the inventions of Watt, Hargreaves, and Cartwright were used to manufacture?
a.	cotton cloth	c.	handicrafts	
b.	appliances	d.	ships	

____	89.	A theocracy is a government in which
a.	only women could rule.	c.	a council of elders makes all the laws.	
b.	the military ruled the people.	d.	leaders rule by divine authority.	

____	90.	The first Han emperor discarded
a.	Legalism and adopted Confucianism	c.	all religion.	
b.	Daoism and adopted Legalism.	d.	communism for socialism.